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G-d
A way to avoid writing a name of The Creator, to avoid the risk of the sin of erasing or defacing the Name. See The Name of G-d; The Nature of G-d.
Image of G-d
Humanity was created in the image of G-d, which means we have the ability to reason and discern; however, G-d has no physical form or image. See The Nature of G-d.
Name of G-d
Judaism has a wide variety of names for the Creator; however, these names are not casually written down because of the risk that someone might destroy the writing, an act of disrespect for G-d and His Name.


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The Name of G-d
Learn about several of the more important names of G-d in Jewish tradition, and learn the rules regarding writing and pronouncing these names. Learn why we write 'G-d' that way.


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10 Commandments
Judaism teaches that G-d gave the Jews 613 commandments, not merely ten. The biblical passage known to most people as the "Ten Commandments" is known to Jews as the Aseret ha-Dibrot, the Ten Declarations, and is considered to be ten categories of commandments rather than ten individual commandments.
613 Commandments
Judaism teaches that G-d gave the Jews 613 commandments, which are binding on Jews but not on non-Jews. Taryag is the numeral 613 in Hebrew numbering. See also Halakhah: Jewish Law.
Adoshem
A substitute for writing or saying a name of G-d.
Beliefs
Judaism has no dogma, no formal set of beliefs that one must hold to be a Jew. In Judaism, actions are far more important than beliefs, although there is certainly a place for belief within Judaism. See What Do Jews Believe?; The Nature of G-d; Human Nature; Kabbalah; Olam Ha-Ba: The Afterlife.
Chillul Ha-Shem (khil-LOOL hah SHEM)
Lit. profanation of the Name. Causing G-d or Judaism to come into disrespect, or causing a person to violate a commandment. See The Name of G-d.
Commandments
Judaism teaches that G-d gave the Jews 613 commandments, which are binding on Jews but not on non-Jews. See Halakhah: Jewish Law; A List of the 613 Mitzvot; Aseret ha-Dibrot: The "Ten Commandments".
Conversion
Judaism does not seek out converts, and actively discourages converts (because a person does not need to be a Jew to be righteous in G-d's eyes), but conversion to Judaism is possible. See also Who is a Jew?; Jewish Attitudes Towards Non-Jews.
Elokaynu
A substitute for a name of G-d. See The Name of G-d.
G-d
A way to avoid writing a name of The Creator, to avoid the risk of the sin of erasing or defacing the Name. See The Name of G-d; The Nature of G-d.
Hallel
Lit. praise G-d. Psalms 113-118, in praise of G-d, which are recited on certain holidays. See Jewish Liturgy.
Ha-Shem (hah SHEM)
Lit. The Name. The Name of G-d, which is not pronounced. The phrase "ha-Shem" is often used as a substitute for G-d's Name.
Human Nature
Humanity is in the image of G-d, in that we have the ability to think, reason and understand. Humanity was created with a dual nature: an impulse to do what is right an a selfish (evil) impulse. Free will is the ability to choose which impulse to follow.
Image of G-d
Humanity was created in the image of G-d, which means we have the ability to reason and discern; however, G-d has no physical form or image. See The Nature of G-d.
Israel
1) The land that G-d promised to Abraham and his descendants. 2) The northern kingdom that was home to the "ten lost tribes." 3) Alternate name for Jacob. 4) A country in the Middle East located in the ancient homeland that has a predominantly Jewish population and government. It was founded on May 14, 1948 (5 Iyar 5708).
Kaddish (KAH-dish)
Aramaic: holy. A prayer in Aramaic praising G-d, commonly associated with mourning practices. See also Jewish Liturgy. Full text of the Mourner's Kaddish is available.
Karaites (KAH-rah-ahyts)
Lit. People of the Scripture. A sect of Judaism that, like the ancient Sadducees, does not accept the oral Torah, but relies solely on the written scriptures. By contrast, Rabbinical Judaism believes that G-d taught Moses an oral Torah at the same time that He gave the written one. The Karaites are now a very small sect, though they claim that at one time they attracted 40 percent of the Jewish population. See their website at Karaite Jews of America.
Kiddush Ha-Shem (ki-DOOSH hah SHEM)
Lit. sanctification of The Name. Any deed that increases the respect accorded to G-d or Judaism, especially martyrdom. See The Name of G-d.
L-rd
A way of avoiding writing a name of G-d, to avoid the risk of the sin of erasing or defacing the Name. See The Name of G-d.
Mashiach (mah-SHEE-ahkh)
Lit. anointed. A man who will be chosen by G-d to put an end to all evil in the world, rebuild the Temple, bring the exiles back to Israel and usher in the world to come. Generally translated as "messiah," but the Jewish concept is very different from the Christian one.
Messiah
Anglicization of the Hebrew, "mashiach" (anointed). A man who will be chosen by G-d to put an end to all evil in the world, rebuild the Temple, bring the exiles back to Israel and usher in the world to come. It is better to use the Hebrew term "mashiach" when speaking of the Jewish messiah, because the Jewish concept is very different from the Christian one.
Name of G-d
Judaism has a wide variety of names for the Creator; however, these names are not casually written down because of the risk that someone might destroy the writing, an act of disrespect for G-d and His Name.
Names
Jewish children are ordinarily given a formal Hebrew name to be used for religious purposes. See Naming a Child, Jewish Names. See also Name of G-d.
Orthodox
One of the major movements of Judaism, believing that Jewish law comes from G-d and cannot be changed.
Promised Land
The land of Israel, which G-d promised to Abraham and his descendants.
Prophets (n'-vee-EEM)
1) A spokesman for G-d, chosen to convey a message or teaching. Prophets were role models of holiness, scholarship and closeness to G-d; 2) A section of Jewish scripture containing the writings of the Prophets.
Reform
One of the major movements of Judaism, believing that Jewish law was inspired by G-d and one can choose which laws to follow. See Movements of Judaism in the United States Today.
Rosh Hashanah (ROHSH hah shah-NAH; RUSH-uh SHAH-nuh)
Lit. first of the year. The new year for the purpose of counting years. It is one of the holiest festivals of the year, renewing the crowning of G-d as king of time and space (melekh ha-olam) with celebration and blasts of the shofar (a ram's horn trumpet). Sabbatical (Shemittah) and Jubilee years begin at this time and are counted based on this date.
Sefirot (se-fee-ROHT)
Lit. emanations. In Jewish mysticism, the emanations from G-d's essence that interact with the universe.
Speech
For information about the power of speech and sins committed through speech, see Speech and Lashon Ha-Ra. For information about pronouncing the Name of G-d, see The Name of G-d.


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